Contents:
Introduction
Background
Purpose of national reporting
Indicator and monitoring framework
Reporting tools
Data analytics tools
Default data
National boundaries
Open data sharing
Reporting frequency
Recalculations and time series consistency
Submission of the national report, validation and review process
Process and schedule for the 2026 reporting process
Country profile
Land Area
Demographics
1. Strategic objective 1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertification/ land degradation, promote sustainable land management and contribute to land degradation neutrality
1.1. SO 1-1 – Trends in land cover
1.1.1. Introduction
1.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
1.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Identify key degradation processes
Step 2: Select a land cover legend
Step 3: Generate a transition matrix
Step 4: Assess available land cover data
Step 5: Determine the baseline extent of land cover degradation
Step 6: Estimate land cover degradation for the reporting period
Step 7: Verify the results
Step 8: Save form and make available for review
1.1.4. Dependencies
1.1.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
Land cover classification
1.1.6. Summary (main actions)
1.1.7. Additional Resources
1.2. SO 1-2 – Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land
1.2.1. Introduction
1.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
1.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select land cover legend to stratify land productivity
Step 2: Select Earth observation dataset
Step 3: Select a productivity index
Step 4: Estimate annual productivity
Step 5: Calculate land productivity metrics
Step 6: Combine productivity metrics to assess land productivity dynamics in the baseline and reporting period
Step 7: Combine productivity metrics to assess land productivity degradation in both the baseline period and reporting period
Step 8: Verify the results
Step 9: Save form and make available for review
1.2.4. Dependencies
1.2.5. Challenges
1.2.6. Summary (main actions)
1.2.7. Additional Resources
1.3. SO 1-3 – Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
1.3.1. Introduction
1.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
1.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select tier for SOC assessment based on data availability
Step 2: Establish SOC reference values
Step 3: Map land cover changes for SOC change estimation
Step 4: Estimate changes in SOC stocks
Step 5: Identify significant SOC changes
Step 6: Verify the results
Step 7: Save form and make available for review
1.3.4. Dependencies
1.3.5. Challenges
Data availability
Unresolved issues
1.3.6. Summary (main actions)
1.3.7. Additional Resources
1.4. SO 1-4 – Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)
1.4.1. Introduction
1.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
1.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1. Calculate Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1
Step 2. Identify false positives and false negatives
Step 3. Assess hotspots and brightspots
Step 4. Verify the results
Step 5. Save form and make available for review
1.4.4. Dependencies
1.4.5. Summary (main actions)
1.4.6. Additional Resources
2. Strategic objective 2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations
2.1. SO 2-1 – Trends in population living below the relative poverty line or income inequality in affected areas
2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
2.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Choose the most suitable metric
Step 2: Identify the relevant dataset
Step 3: Report national annual values of the chosen metric and interpret the data
Step 4: Verify the results
Step 5: Save form and make available for review
2.1.4. Dependencies
2.1.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
2.1.6. Summary (main actions)
2.1.7. Additional Resources
2.2. SO 2-2 – Trends in access to safe drinking water in affected areas
2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
2.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Identify the relevant dataset
Step 2: Report national annual values and interpret the data
Step 3: Verify the results
Step 4: Save form and make available for review
2.2.4. Dependencies
2.2.5. Challenges
Default data availability and quality
2.2.6. Summary (main actions)
2.3. SO 2-3 – Trends in the Proportion of Population Exposed to Land Degradation Disaggregated by Sex
2.3.1. Introduction
2.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
2.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select the population dataset
Step 2: Standardize the selected datasets
Step 3: Estimate the female, male and total population count and percentage of each population cohort exposed to land degradation
Step 4: Qualitatively assess the results
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
2.3.4. Dependencies
2.3.5. Challenges
Default data availability and quality
Limitation of the analytical approach
2.3.6. Summary (main actions)
2.3.7. Additional Resources
3. Strategic objective 3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and ecosystems
3.1. SO 3-1 – Trends in the proportion of land under drought over the total land area
3.1.1. Introduction
3.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
3.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select drought index or precipitation dataset
Step 2: Calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index
Step 3: Identify the drought intensity class of each grid cell based on the calculated Standardized Precipitation Index value
Step 4: Calculate proportion of land under drought without class breakdown
Step 5: Create drought intensity maps for four-year periods
Step 6: Verify the results
Step 7: Save form and make available for review
3.1.4. Dependencies
3.1.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
Limitations of the SPI-based estimates
3.1.6. Summary (main actions)
3.1.7. Additional Resources
3.2. SO 3-2 – Trends in the proportion of the population exposed to drought
3.2.1. Introduction
3.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
3.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select the population dataset
Step 2: Overlay gridded population data with indicator SO 3-1 spatial output
Step 3: Calculate the proportion of the population exposed within each drought intensity class
Step 4: Create drought exposure maps in four-year periods
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
3.2.4. Dependencies
3.2.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
3.2.6. Summary (main actions)
3.2.7. Additional Resources
3.3. SO 3-3 – Trends in the degree of drought vulnerability
3.3.1. Introduction
3.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
3.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Select tier of vulnerability assessment based on data availability
Step 2: Factor normalization
Step 3: Derive the Drought Vulnerability Index components
Step 4: Calculate the Drought Vulnerability Index
Step 5: Report factors used to calculate DVI
Step 6: Verify the results
Step 7: Save form and make available for review
3.3.4. Dependencies
3.3.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
Methodological approach
3.3.6. Summary (main actions)
4. Strategic objective 4: To generate global environmental benefits through effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
4.1. SO 4-1 – Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
4.2. SO 4-2 – Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species
4.2.1. Introduction
4.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
4.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedures
Step 1: Report Red List Index data
Step 2: Qualitatively assess the Red List Index data
Step 3: Verify the results
Step 4: Save form and make available for review
4.2.4. Dependencies
4.2.5. Challenges
Data interpretation
4.2.6. Summary (main actions)
4.2.7. Additional Resources
4.3. SO 4-3 Trends in protected area coverage of important biodiversity areas
4.3.1. Introduction
4.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
4.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedures
Step 1: Report indicator data
Step 2: Qualitatively assess the results
Step 3: Verify the results
Step 4: Save form and make available for review
4.3.4. Dependencies
4.3.5. Challenges
Data availability and quality
Data interpretation
4.3.6. Summary (main actions)
4.3.7. Additional Resources
5. Strategic objective 5: To mobilize substantial and additional financial and non-financial resources to support the implementation of the Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level
Structure and aim of the SO 5 indicator framework
Tier approach for SO 5
Validating default data for SO5-1 to SO5-3
5.1. SO 5-1 – Bilateral and multilateral public resources
5.1.1. Introduction
5.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
5.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Determining trends in international public resources
Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
Step 3: Providing quantitative data
Step 4: Offering general comments
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
5.1.3 Challenges
5.2. SO5-2 – Domestic public resources
5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
5.2.3 Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Determining trends in domestic public resources
Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
Step 3: Providing quantitative data
Step 4: Offering general comments
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
5.2.4 Challenges
5.3. SO5-3 – International and domestic private resources
5.3.1. Introduction
5.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
5.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Determining trends in international and domestic private resources
Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
Step 3: Providing quantitative data
Step 4: Offering general comments
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
5.3.3 Challenges
5.4. SO5-4 – Technology transfer
5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
5.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Determining trends in international and domestic resources for technology transfer
Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
Step 3: Providing quantitative data
Step 4: Offering general comments
Step 5: Verify the results
Step 6: Save form and make available for review
5.4.4. Challenges
5.5. SO5-5 – Future support for activities related to the implementation of the Convention
5.5.1. Introduction
5.5.2. Prerequisites for reporting
5.5.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Provide information on the financial needs or gap for the implementation of DLDD-related plans
Step 2: Offering general comments
Step 3: Verify the results
Step 4: Save form and make available for review
5.5.4. Challenges
5.6. Methodological information
5.7. Compiling the template with activity-level data (Excel spreadsheet)
6. Strategic objective 1 to 4: voluntary targets, additional indicators and affected areas
6.1. Voluntary targets for strategic objective 1
6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
6.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1. Declare national voluntary targets
Step 2. Describe implemented actions relevant to the targets
Step 3. Save form and make available for review
6.1.4. Dependencies
6.1.5. Challenges
National coordination
6.1.6. Additional Resources
6.2. Voluntary targets for strategic objectives 2, 3 and 4
6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1. Declare national voluntary targets
Step 2. Provide any complementary information
Step 3. Save form and make available for review
6.3. Additional Indicators
6.3.1. Introduction
6.3.2. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1. Report any national additional indicators
Step 2. Save form and make available for review
6.4. Affected Areas
6.4.1. Introduction
6.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
6.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
Step 1: Define affected areas
Step 2: Delineate affected areas
Step 3: Calculation of affected area estimates for all indicators
Step 4: Save forms and make available for review
6.4.4. Challenges
Data availability and quality
Methodological approach
6.4.5. Summary (main actions)
7. Implementation framework: policy and planning, actions on the ground and financial and non-financial resources
7.1. About the implementation framework
7.1.1. Introduction
a) Policy and planning
b) Actions on the ground
c) Financial and non-financial resources
7.1.2. Approach to reporting and structure of the reporting template
7.1.3. Reporting for Action
7.2. Policy and planning
7.2.1. Action plans and programmes
7.2.2. Policies and enabling environment
7.2.3. Mainstreaming efforts to combat desertification/land degradation and drought
7.2.4 National drought plans
7.2.5 Synergies
7.3. Action on the ground
7.3.1. Sustainable land management practices
7.3.2. Establishing knowledge-sharing systems
7.3.3. Alternative livelihoods
7.3.4. Drought risk management and early warning systems
7.4. Financial and non-financial resources
7.4.1. Resource mobilization strategy
7.4.2. Synergies
7.4.3. Reporting process
Annex I: User-specific licence options for national data uploaded to the UNCCD Performance Review and Assessment of Implementation System (PRAIS)
1. UNCCD Mandate
2. Submitting national datasets to PRAIS
3. Licence Instructions
3.1. Creative Commons Licences for National Reports
3.2 User Specific Licence (USL)
Annex II: Metadata
Annex III: Glossary
PRAIS4 Reporting Manual
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Index
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
H
|
I
|
K
|
L
|
M
|
N
|
O
|
P
|
R
|
S
|
T
|
U
|
V
|
W
A
Above ground biomass
Adaptation
Administrative unit
Affected Area
Afforestation
Aggregation
Agriculture, value added (% of gross domestic product)
Agroforestry
Alternative Livelihoods
Aridity
Artificial areas
B
Baseline
Baseline period
Below ground biomass
Brightspots
C
Capacity building, capacity development
Carbon stock
Classification
Classification of Environmental Protection Activities (CEPA)
Classification system
Classifier, class
Climate change
Climate finance
Commitment
Compensation schemes
Consumption
Consumption expenditure
Counterbalancing
Cropland
Cultivated area equipped for irrigation (%)
D
Data
Data source
Dataset
Deforestation
Degraded Land
Degree of drought vulnerability
Desertification
Desertification, land degradation and drought (DLDD)
Disaggregation
Disbursement
Driver
Drought
Drought intensity class
Drought mitigation
Drought preparedness
Drought recovery
Drought response
Drought risk management (DRM)
Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI)
Drylands
E
Economic vulnerability factors
Ecosystem
Ecosystem services
Energy consumption per capita
Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Environmental subsidy and similar transfer
Environmental tax
Equity
Expert judgement
Exposure
F
False negative
False positive
Financial instrument
Financial resources
Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FAPAR)
G
Gain (monitored)
GDP per capita (constant 2010 US dollars)
Gender
Gender equality (Equality between women and men)
Gender-responsive
Gini Index
Good practice(s)
Government effectiveness
Government Finance Statistics (GFS) database
Grassland
Greenness
Growing season metrics
H
Hazard
Hotspots
I
Implementation Framework
Improved drinking water source
Improved land
Incentive Schemes
Income
Income inequality
Indicator
Infrastructural vulnerability factors
Integrated land use planning
K
Key Biodiversity Area
L
Land cover
Land cover class
Land cover degradation
Land Cover Meta Language
Land cover transition/change
Land Cover/Ecosystem Functional Unit (LCEU)
Land degradation
Land degradation neutrality (LDN)
Land productivity
Land productivity degradation
Land Productivity Dynamics (LPD)
Land Productivity Performance
Land Productivity State
Land Productivity Trend
Land tenure
Land unit
Land use
Land-based natural capital
LDN target (country level)
Legend
Leveraging mechanism
Life expectancy at birth
Like for like
Literacy rate (per cent of people aged 15 years and above)
Livelihood
Loss (monitored)
M
Mainstreaming gender
Metadata
Metrics
Mineral soil
Multilateral contribution, Multi-bilateral contribution
N
Natural capital
Natural hydrometeorological deficit
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
No net loss
Non-financial resources
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
O
OECD DAC CRS
One-out, all-out (1OAO)
Organic soils
Other Effective Area based conservation measures
Other land
P
Partnership
Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)
Period
Period Assessment
Pixel
Policies
Population
Population aged 15-64 years (per cent of total population)
Population below the international poverty line (per cent)
Population using safely managed drinking water services (per cent)
Poverty line
Precipitation
Prevention
Private resources
Productivity index
Progress indicator
Protected Area
Proxy
Public Borrowing
Public expenditure
Public Investment
Public resources
Public Revenue
R
Raster data
Red List Index (RLI)
Reference period
Reforestation
Refugee population
Regional Action Programme (RAP)
Rehabilitation
Remote sensing
Reporting Entity
Reporting period (Tn)
Reporting process
Resilience
Response hierarchy
Restoration
Rio marker
Rural population (per cent)
S
Safely managed drinking water source(s)
Satellite image/data
Sex
Social vulnerability factors
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)
Soil organic carbon (SOC) degradation
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stock
Soil Organic Matter (SOM)
Spatial disaggregation
Spatial resolution
Stable land
Stakeholder
Standardization
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Status (St)
Status Map
Status Matrix
Strategic objectives
Sustainability
Sustainable consumption and production
Sustainable land management (SLM)
T
Target
Taxonomic group
Technical backstopping
Technology transfer
Temporal Resolution
Tier of Vulnerability Assessment (Tier of VA)
Time series
Total carbon stock
Total land area
Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD)
Total renewable water resources per capita
Tree-covered areas
Type of flow
Type of support
U
UNCCD National Action Programmes (NAPs)
V
Vector data
Vegetation Index
Vulnerability
W
Water bodies
Wetland