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Contents:

  • Introduction
    • Background
    • Purpose of national reporting
    • Indicator and monitoring framework
    • Reporting tools
    • Data analytics tools
    • Default data
    • National boundaries
    • Open data sharing
    • Reporting frequency
    • Recalculations and time series consistency
    • Submission of the national report, validation and review process
    • Process and schedule for the 2026 reporting process
    • Country profile
      • Land Area
      • Demographics
  • 1. Strategic objective 1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertification/ land degradation, promote sustainable land management and contribute to land degradation neutrality
    • 1.1. SO 1-1 – Trends in land cover
      • 1.1.1. Introduction
      • 1.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 1.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Identify key degradation processes
        • Step 2: Select a land cover legend
        • Step 3: Generate a transition matrix
        • Step 4: Assess available land cover data
        • Step 5: Determine the baseline extent of land cover degradation
        • Step 6: Estimate land cover degradation for the reporting period
        • Step 7: Verify the results
        • Step 8: Save form and make available for review
      • 1.1.4. Dependencies
      • 1.1.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
        • Land cover classification
      • 1.1.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 1.1.7. Additional Resources
    • 1.2. SO 1-2 – Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land
      • 1.2.1. Introduction
      • 1.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 1.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select land cover legend to stratify land productivity
        • Step 2: Select Earth observation dataset
        • Step 3: Select a productivity index
        • Step 4: Estimate annual productivity
        • Step 5: Calculate land productivity metrics
        • Step 6: Combine productivity metrics to assess land productivity dynamics in the baseline and reporting period
        • Step 7: Combine productivity metrics to assess land productivity degradation in both the baseline period and reporting period
        • Step 8: Verify the results
        • Step 9: Save form and make available for review
      • 1.2.4. Dependencies
      • 1.2.5. Challenges
      • 1.2.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 1.2.7. Additional Resources
    • 1.3. SO 1-3 – Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
      • 1.3.1. Introduction
      • 1.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 1.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select tier for SOC assessment based on data availability
        • Step 2: Establish SOC reference values
        • Step 3: Map land cover changes for SOC change estimation
        • Step 4: Estimate changes in SOC stocks
        • Step 5: Identify significant SOC changes
        • Step 6: Verify the results
        • Step 7: Save form and make available for review
      • 1.3.4. Dependencies
      • 1.3.5. Challenges
        • Data availability
        • Unresolved issues
      • 1.3.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 1.3.7. Additional Resources
    • 1.4. SO 1-4 – Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1)
      • 1.4.1. Introduction
      • 1.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 1.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1. Calculate Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1
        • Step 2. Identify false positives and false negatives
        • Step 3. Assess hotspots and brightspots
        • Step 4. Verify the results
        • Step 5. Save form and make available for review
      • 1.4.4. Dependencies
      • 1.4.5. Summary (main actions)
      • 1.4.6. Additional Resources
  • 2. Strategic objective 2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations
    • 2.1. SO 2-1 – Trends in population living below the relative poverty line or income inequality in affected areas
      • 2.1.1. Introduction
      • 2.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 2.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Choose the most suitable metric
        • Step 2: Identify the relevant dataset
        • Step 3: Report national annual values of the chosen metric and interpret the data
        • Step 4: Verify the results
        • Step 5: Save form and make available for review
      • 2.1.4. Dependencies
      • 2.1.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
      • 2.1.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 2.1.7. Additional Resources
    • 2.2. SO 2-2 – Trends in access to safe drinking water in affected areas
      • 2.2.1. Introduction
      • 2.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 2.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Identify the relevant dataset
        • Step 2: Report national annual values and interpret the data
        • Step 3: Verify the results
        • Step 4: Save form and make available for review
      • 2.2.4. Dependencies
      • 2.2.5. Challenges
        • Default data availability and quality
      • 2.2.6. Summary (main actions)
    • 2.3. SO 2-3 – Trends in the Proportion of Population Exposed to Land Degradation Disaggregated by Sex
      • 2.3.1. Introduction
      • 2.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 2.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select the population dataset
        • Step 2: Standardize the selected datasets
        • Step 3: Estimate the female, male and total population count and percentage of each population cohort exposed to land degradation
        • Step 4: Qualitatively assess the results
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 2.3.4. Dependencies
      • 2.3.5. Challenges
        • Default data availability and quality
        • Limitation of the analytical approach
      • 2.3.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 2.3.7. Additional Resources
  • 3. Strategic objective 3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and ecosystems
    • 3.1. SO 3-1 – Trends in the proportion of land under drought over the total land area
      • 3.1.1. Introduction
      • 3.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 3.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select drought index or precipitation dataset
        • Step 2: Calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index
        • Step 3: Identify the drought intensity class of each grid cell based on the calculated Standardized Precipitation Index value
        • Step 4: Calculate proportion of land under drought without class breakdown
        • Step 5: Create drought intensity maps for four-year periods
        • Step 6: Verify the results
        • Step 7: Save form and make available for review
      • 3.1.4. Dependencies
      • 3.1.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
        • Limitations of the SPI-based estimates
      • 3.1.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 3.1.7. Additional Resources
    • 3.2. SO 3-2 – Trends in the proportion of the population exposed to drought
      • 3.2.1. Introduction
      • 3.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 3.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select the population dataset
        • Step 2: Overlay gridded population data with indicator SO 3-1 spatial output
        • Step 3: Calculate the proportion of the population exposed within each drought intensity class
        • Step 4: Create drought exposure maps in four-year periods
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 3.2.4. Dependencies
      • 3.2.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
      • 3.2.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 3.2.7. Additional Resources
    • 3.3. SO 3-3 – Trends in the degree of drought vulnerability
      • 3.3.1. Introduction
      • 3.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 3.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Select tier of vulnerability assessment based on data availability
        • Step 2: Factor normalization
        • Step 3: Derive the Drought Vulnerability Index components
        • Step 4: Calculate the Drought Vulnerability Index
        • Step 5: Report factors used to calculate DVI
        • Step 6: Verify the results
        • Step 7: Save form and make available for review
      • 3.3.4. Dependencies
      • 3.3.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
        • Methodological approach
      • 3.3.6. Summary (main actions)
  • 4. Strategic objective 4: To generate global environmental benefits through effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
    • 4.1. SO 4-1 – Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
    • 4.2. SO 4-2 – Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species
      • 4.2.1. Introduction
      • 4.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 4.2.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedures
        • Step 1: Report Red List Index data
        • Step 2: Qualitatively assess the Red List Index data
        • Step 3: Verify the results
        • Step 4: Save form and make available for review
      • 4.2.4. Dependencies
      • 4.2.5. Challenges
        • Data interpretation
      • 4.2.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 4.2.7. Additional Resources
    • 4.3. SO 4-3 Trends in protected area coverage of important biodiversity areas
      • 4.3.1. Introduction
      • 4.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 4.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedures
        • Step 1: Report indicator data
        • Step 2: Qualitatively assess the results
        • Step 3: Verify the results
        • Step 4: Save form and make available for review
      • 4.3.4. Dependencies
      • 4.3.5. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
        • Data interpretation
      • 4.3.6. Summary (main actions)
      • 4.3.7. Additional Resources
  • 5. Strategic objective 5: To mobilize substantial and additional financial and non-financial resources to support the implementation of the Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level
    • Structure and aim of the SO 5 indicator framework
    • Tier approach for SO 5
    • Validating default data for SO5-1 to SO5-3
    • 5.1. SO 5-1 – Bilateral and multilateral public resources
      • 5.1.1. Introduction
      • 5.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 5.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Determining trends in international public resources
        • Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
        • Step 3: Providing quantitative data
        • Step 4: Offering general comments
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 5.1.3 Challenges
    • 5.2. SO5-2 – Domestic public resources
      • 5.2.1. Introduction
      • 5.2.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 5.2.3 Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Determining trends in domestic public resources
        • Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
        • Step 3: Providing quantitative data
        • Step 4: Offering general comments
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 5.2.4 Challenges
    • 5.3. SO5-3 – International and domestic private resources
      • 5.3.1. Introduction
      • 5.3.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 5.3.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Determining trends in international and domestic private resources
        • Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
        • Step 3: Providing quantitative data
        • Step 4: Offering general comments
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 5.3.3 Challenges
    • 5.4. SO5-4 – Technology transfer
      • 5.4.1. Introduction
      • 5.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 5.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Determining trends in international and domestic resources for technology transfer
        • Step 2: Qualitative reporting on example interventions
        • Step 3: Providing quantitative data
        • Step 4: Offering general comments
        • Step 5: Verify the results
        • Step 6: Save form and make available for review
      • 5.4.4. Challenges
    • 5.5. SO5-5 – Future support for activities related to the implementation of the Convention
      • 5.5.1. Introduction
      • 5.5.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 5.5.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Provide information on the financial needs or gap for the implementation of DLDD-related plans
        • Step 2: Offering general comments
        • Step 3: Verify the results
        • Step 4: Save form and make available for review
      • 5.5.4. Challenges
    • 5.6. Methodological information
    • 5.7. Compiling the template with activity-level data (Excel spreadsheet)
  • 6. Strategic objective 1 to 4: voluntary targets, additional indicators and affected areas
    • 6.1. Voluntary targets for strategic objective 1
      • 6.1.1. Introduction
      • 6.1.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 6.1.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1. Declare national voluntary targets
        • Step 2. Describe implemented actions relevant to the targets
        • Step 3. Save form and make available for review
      • 6.1.4. Dependencies
      • 6.1.5. Challenges
        • National coordination
      • 6.1.6. Additional Resources
    • 6.2. Voluntary targets for strategic objectives 2, 3 and 4
      • 6.2.1. Introduction
      • 6.2.2. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1. Declare national voluntary targets
        • Step 2. Provide any complementary information
        • Step 3. Save form and make available for review
    • 6.3. Additional Indicators
      • 6.3.1. Introduction
      • 6.3.2. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1. Report any national additional indicators
        • Step 2. Save form and make available for review
    • 6.4. Affected Areas
      • 6.4.1. Introduction
      • 6.4.2. Prerequisites for reporting
      • 6.4.3. Reporting process and step-by-step procedure
        • Step 1: Define affected areas
        • Step 2: Delineate affected areas
        • Step 3: Calculation of affected area estimates for all indicators
        • Step 4: Save forms and make available for review
      • 6.4.4. Challenges
        • Data availability and quality
        • Methodological approach
      • 6.4.5. Summary (main actions)
  • 7. Implementation framework: policy and planning, actions on the ground and financial and non-financial resources
    • 7.1. About the implementation framework
      • 7.1.1. Introduction
        • a) Policy and planning
        • b) Actions on the ground
        • c) Financial and non-financial resources
      • 7.1.2. Approach to reporting and structure of the reporting template
      • 7.1.3. Reporting for Action
    • 7.2. Policy and planning
      • 7.2.1. Action plans and programmes
      • 7.2.2. Policies and enabling environment
      • 7.2.3. Mainstreaming efforts to combat desertification/land degradation and drought
      • 7.2.4 National drought plans
      • 7.2.5 Synergies
    • 7.3. Action on the ground
      • 7.3.1. Sustainable land management practices
      • 7.3.2. Establishing knowledge-sharing systems
      • 7.3.3. Alternative livelihoods
      • 7.3.4. Drought risk management and early warning systems
    • 7.4. Financial and non-financial resources
      • 7.4.1. Resource mobilization strategy
      • 7.4.2. Synergies
      • 7.4.3. Reporting process
  • Annex I: User-specific licence options for national data uploaded to the UNCCD Performance Review and Assessment of Implementation System (PRAIS)
    • 1. UNCCD Mandate
    • 2. Submitting national datasets to PRAIS
    • 3. Licence Instructions
      • 3.1. Creative Commons Licences for National Reports
      • 3.2 User Specific Licence (USL)
  • Annex II: Metadata
  • Annex III: Glossary
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